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Indian Economy

Indian Economy notes for UPSC | TNPSC

Basics of Economy

  1. Economy vs Economics
  2. Microeconomics vs Macroeconomics
  3. Role of economy
  4. Sectors of Economy-Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sector

Factors of Production

  1. Type of Economic System
  2. Capitalist Economy
  3. Socialist Economy
  4. Mixed Economy
  5. Developed vs Developing Economies
  6. Growth and Development
  7. Economic Growth
  8. The need to measure economic growth
  9. Economic Growth-Pros and Cons
  10. Economic Development
  11. Difference between Economic growth and Economic development

National Income Accounting

  1. Gross National Product (GNP)
  2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
  3. Gross National Income (GNI)
  4. Per Capita Income (PCI)
  5. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
  6. GDP Deflator
  7. Base year
  8. Green GDP
  9. Factor Cost
  10. Market Price
  11. Income Estimates
  12. New GDP Series

Economic Development in India

  1. Economic Planning
  2. Economic Planning –Define, Aims and Objectives
  3. Economic Planning types
  4. History of Economic Planning In India
  5. Pre-1991-Five Year Plans
  6. 1991 Economic Reforms
  7. Planning Commission Vs NITI Aayog
  8. Achievements of Planning
  9. Future Strategy

Money

  1. Functions of Money
  2. Evolution of Money
  3. Fiat Money
  4. Bank Money/ Deposit Money
  5. Digital Payment- RTGS, NEFT, IMPS, UPI, etc.
  6. Debit and Credit card
  7. ATM and its types
  8. Cashless Economy Money, Demand and Supply
  9. Time liabilities of Bank – fixed deposit
  10. Demand liabilities- Current Account, Saving Account, Demand Draft etc.
  11. Narrow Money
  12. Broad Money
  13. Creation of Money
  14. Money Multiplier

Monetary Policy

  1. Significance
  2. Quantitative Tools: CRR, SLR, Repo rate,
  3. MSF, Bank Rate, Open Market operation,
    Reverse Repo Rate etc.
  4. Qualitative Tools – PSL, LTV etc.
  5. Monetary Policy Making
  6. Limitations of Monetary Policy

Reserve Bank of India

  1. History
  2. structure- Official Director and non official Directors
  3. Main functions
  4. Independence of RBI
  5. Important Publication like Financial
    stability Report, Monetary Policy Report etc.
  6. Zonal Offices of RBI

Banks

  1. Scheduled and Non Scheduled Banks
  2. Public Sector Banks
  3. Private Sector and Foreign Banks
  4. Regional Rural Banks and Local Area Bank
  5. Small Finance Banks and
  6. Payment Banks
  7. Cooperative Banks
  8. Non Banking Financial Companies(NBFC)
  9. What are NBFCs?
  10. Commercial Banks Vs NBFCs
  11. NBFC regulated by RBI, SEBI and other agencies
  12. MUDRA Yojana
  13. Other NBFC schemes of GoI
  14. All India Financial Institutions (AIFI)- Non Banks
  15. EXIM
  16. NABARD
  17. National Housing Bank
  18. SIDBI Issue of Banking Sector
  19. Loans and non Performing Assets
  20. Stressed Assets
  21. SARFAEST Act 2002
  22. Insolvency and Bankruptcy
  23. PARA
  24. Basel Norms
  25. Banking Sector Reforms
  26. Merger of Banks etc..
  1. Money Market
  2. Features of Money Market
  3. Structure – organized and Unorganized
  4. Instruments- Call Money, T-bill, Commercial
    Papers, Certificate of Deposit, Trade bill
  5. Participants

Capital Market

  1. Securities Market
  2. Primary Market – IPOs, Placements etc
  3. Secondary Market- Equity, Debt Market,
    Community markets, Stock Exchanges etc.
  4. Non Securities Market- Mutual funds,Deposits, Insurance etc
  5. Institutions- SEBI, FSDC, FDB, FATE, IOSCO etc.

Corporate

  1. Company types based on ownership,
    incorporation, no. of members etc.
  2. Statutory Bodies- CCI, NCLT, NFRA, SFIO etc.
  3. Corporate Governance
  4. Corporate Social Responsibility

Budget

  1. Meaning and Significance
  2. Funds related to Budget
  3. Annual Financial Statement,
  4. Appropriation
    Bill and Finance Bill
  5. Stages of Passing the Budget
  6. Vote on Account
  7. Interim Budget
  8. Components of Budget

Revenue Part-

  1. Revenue Receipt and Revenue Expenditure

Capital Part-

  1. Capital Receipts and Capital
    Expenditure
  2. Plan and Non-Plan Expenditure
  3. Changes Introduced in 2017

Types of Budget

  1. Revenue vs Capital Budget
  2. General vs Railway Budget
  3. Traditional line item Budgeting
  4. Performance Budgeting
  5. Zero Based Budgeting
  6. Gender Budgeting
  7. Outcome Budgeting

Fiscal Policy

  1. Meaning
  2. Objectives
  3. Importance
  4. Balance Budget
  5. Surplus Budget
  6. Deficit Budget
  7. Deficit Budgeting
  8. Fiscal Deficit
  9. Revenue Deficit
  10. primary Deficit
  11. Effective Revenue Deficit
  12. Budgetary Deficit
  13. Deficit Financing
  14. Reducing Fiscal Deficit
  15. FRBM Act
  16. Fiscal Consolidation
  17. Bodies related to Budgeting
  18. Finance Ministry and its departments
  19. Finance Commission
  20. Planning commission vs NITI Aayog

Taxation –An Introduction

  1. Meaning and Objectives
  2. Adam Smitris 4 Canons of Taxation
  3. Progressive vs Regressive vs Proportional
    taxes
  4. Tax pattern in Developed and Developing
    countries.
  5. Direct Taxes
  6. Merits and Demerits
  7. Direct Tax on Income- Corporation Tax,
    MAI, Income tax, CHT, DDT etc.
  8. Direct tax on Assets and Transactions- STI,
    CTT, Wealth Tax, Estate Duty, Stamp duty, Property tax, etc.
  9. Direct taxes on expenditure like gift tax etc.
  10. Union tax, less and surcharge.
  11. Indirect Taxes; GST
  12. Indirect taxes: Merits and Demerits

Timeline to GST

  1. GST: 101st Constitutional Amendment Act
    2016
  2. GST Council Composition, Functioning
  3. CGST, SGST
  4. GST slabs on Goods and Serices
  5. PAN Vs GSTIN

GST collection Trends

  1. E-way system
  2. GST Distribution between Centre and States
  3. GST related Organization
  4. GST Benefits
  5. Challenges

Black Money and Allied Issues

  1. Tax Evasion
  2. Tax Avoidance – DTAA, GAAR, AAR, BEPS
    etc.
  3. Tax Terrorism
  4. Taxation Global Treaties and Agreements
  5. Chaffer Curve
  6. Tax Buoyancy
  7. Tax Elasticity

Inflation

  1. Inflation – An introduction
  2. Demand Pull Inflation
  3. Cost Push Inflation
  4. Inflationary and Deflationary Gaps
  5. Inflation vs Deflation – Quick Comparison

Types of Inflation

  1. Based on causes- Currency Inflation, Credit Inflation, Deficit Induced Inflation.
  2. Based on Speed – Creeping, Walking and Galloping Inflation.
  3. Stagflation
  4. Headline Inflation vs Core Inflation
  5. Structural Inflation
  6. Measurement of Inflation
  7. Wholesale Price Index (WPI)
  8. Consumer Price Index(CPI)
  9. Produces Price Indexes
  10. Commodity Price Indexes
  11. Core Price Indexes

Combating Inflation

  1. Monetary Measures by RBI
  2. Fiscal Measures by GoI Effects of Inflation
  3. Creditors and debtors
  4. Investors
  5. Salaried People and wage earner
  6. Currency
  7. Economic Growth
  8. Production etc
  1. BoP – Current Account
  2. Balance of Trade, Export- Import
  3. Compensation – Investment Income
  4. Non Factor Trade in Services
  5. Private Transfer Payments – Gifts, Remittances, grants etc.
  6. Other – Official Transfer payments. BoP – Capital Account
  7. Foreign Investment –FDI, FII etc
  8. External Assistance
  9. Commercial Borrowing
  10. IMF
  11. NRI Deposits

Exchange Rate System

  1. What is Exchange Rate?
  2. Demand Foreign Exchange and Supply Foreign Exchange
  3. Exchange Rate Regimes –Fixed Exchange rate
  4. Floating Exchange Rate
  5. Managed Floating Exchange Rate
  6. NEER and REER
  7. Currency Devaluation
  8. Convertibility of Rupee
  9. Real Value of Rupee
  10. Forex Reserves
  11. Rupee Depreciation
  12. Rupee Appreciation
  13. Currency Manipulation
  14. Currency War
  15. Dollarization
  16. Currency Board
  17. Hard and Soft Currency

IMF and World Bank

  1. IMF and World Bank
  2. Formation
  3. Objectives
  4. Organizational Structure
  5. Functions
  6. India – IMF and World Bank
  7. World Bank Group five Organizations
  8. Similarities between IMF and world Bank
  9. Differences between WB and IMF
  10. Criticism of WB and IMF

World Trade Organization 

  1. Structure
  2. Functions
  3. Tariff parties
  4. WTO Agreements/ Packages/ Treaties
  5. Bali Package and Trade Facilitation
    Agreement
  6. Trade Agreement
  7. Types
  8. Free Trade Agreements

Development Banks

  1. BRICS
  2. AIIB
  3. African Development Bank
  4. Asian Development Bank(ADB)
  5. Bank for International Settlements
  6. European Bank for Reconstruction and
    Development (EBRD)
  7. Other Groups related to Economy
  8. SAARC
  9. BIMSTEC
  10. ASEAN
  11. SCO
  12. IORA
  13. APEC
  14. OPEC
  15. OECD
  16. G-20
  17. OIC
  18. GCC
  19. World Economic Forum
  1. Agriculture Inputs
    land and land Reforms

Seeds – Green Revolution, GM Crops

  1. Irrigation
  2. Fertilizer
  3. Pesticides and Weedicides
  4. Farm
  5. Mechanization
  6. Agriculture Finance and Marketing
  7. Features and Need of Agricultural Finance
  8. Sources of Agricultural Finance
  9. Co-operative Credit Societies
  10. Agricultural Credit Institutions – RRB,
    NABARD, KCC, Self help group, RIDF etc.
  11. Waivers for the Farmers
  12. Agri Marketing- Process, Structure and Ned
  13. APMC
  14. ENAM
  15. GRAM
  16. Agro Export Policy latest

Subsidies

  1. Objectives of Subsidies
  2. Types – Farm Subsidies, Fertilizers, Power
    Subsidies, Irrigation subsidies etc.
  3. Minimum Support Price; Define Crops
    covered, Procurement, Benefits, Limitations

Public Distribution

  1. System – Objectives,
    Functioning, Benefits, Limitations etc.
  2. Buffer Stock
  3. Food Security Bill
  4. Limitations of Subsidies
  5. Criticism of Subsidies
  6. Crop Insurance
  7. Food Processing
  8. Issues in food processing Sector
  9. Agriculture Allied Activities – Diary, Fishry etc.
  10. Food Inflation

LPG Reforms

  1. Liberalization
  2. Privatization
  3. Globalization
  4. Before LPG Reforms and After LPG

Manufacturing
National MFG Policy 2011

  1. Industrial Corridors
  2. Make in India- Complete Analysis
  3. National Policy on Electronics 2019
  4. National Digital Communication Policy 2018
  5. Sick Industries
  6. Special Economic Zones
  7. Phases of Industrial Development
  8. Ease of doing Business Report
  9. Labour Reforms
  10. Minimum Wages
  11. Factories Act Reforms
  12. Real Estate
  13. Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)
  14. MSME
  15. Startups
  16. Textile Industry etc

Public Sector

  1. PSUs – Performance and Objectives
  2. Eight core Industries
  3. Privatization of PSUs
  4. Disinvestment of PSUs
  5. Maharatnas
  6. Navratnas and Miniratnas
  7. Public Sector Classification – Departmental
    Undertaking, PSUs and Financial Institution
  8. Issues associated with PSUs
  9. PSUs Reforms

Service Sector

  1. Service Sector Performance in India
  2. FDI in Service Sector
  3. Manufacturing vs Services
  4. Global Navigation
  5. IT Industry
  6. Tourism

Energy

  1. Electricity
  2. Renewable Sources
  3. Non-Renewable Service
  4. Focus on Scheme related to these Transport
  5. Water – Inland Waterways, shipping & Ports
    etc.
  6. Road Transport
  7. Railways & Metro Rail
  8. Aviation
  9. Social and Commercial Infrastructure
  10. Rural Infrastructure
  11. Urban Infrastructure
  12. Education
  13. Sports
  14. Industrial Parts
  15. Food Parks
  16. Cold Storage
  17. Agri Infrastructure
  18. Affordable Housing

Poverty

  1. Factors Responsible for Poverty in India
  2. Poverty measurement/ estimation
  3. Types of Poverty
  4. History of Poverty estimation in India
  5. Multi Dimensional Poverty Index
  6. Rural and Urban Poverty
  7. Socio Economic Caste Census and Poverty
  8. Poverty Eradication –

Focus on Schemes
Hunger

  1. Hunger in India
  2. Causes of Hunger
  3. Global Hunger Index
  4. Malnutrition
  5. Hunger Eradication

Inequality

  1. What is Inequality
  2. Measuring Inequality- Gini Coefficient,
    World Inequality Report etc.
  3. Gender Inequality Index
  4. Poverty and Inequality link
  5. Social Security
  6. Weaker Sections- Minorities, SC & ST, Women & Children, PH.
  7. Inequality Eradication
  8. Globalization and Inequality
  9. (Poverty, Hunger & Inequality –Focus
    mainly on International and National
    Reports, GoI Schemes, Programmes related
    to these)
  1. Unempolyment
  2. Measuring unemployment
  3. Types of unemployment
  4. Causes of unemployment
  5. Unemployment Scenario in India
  6. Unemployment in various sectors
  7. Steps taken by Government

Health

  1. Health Scenario in India
  2. Maternal Health Issues
  3. Child Health Care
  4. Ayush Ministry
  5. National Health Policy
  6. National Health Mission
  7. Disease Control Initiatives
  8. Family Planning
  9. Universal Health Coverage
  10. Medical Tourism
  11. GoI Initiatives

Education

  1. Education in India (Census 2011)
  2. Different levels of Education in India–
  3. Issues,
    Challenges and Soultions
  4. Educational Development of women
  5. Planning in Education
  6. Right to Education
  7. Skill Development
  8. Value Based Education
  9. GoI Schemes and Policies.

Sustainable Development

  1. What is Sustainable Development?
  2. Human Development Report
  3. Sustainable Development Goals
  4. SDG India Index

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