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INDIAN POLITY

Topic wise Indian Polity notes for UPSC | TNPSC.

  1. Company Rule (1773- 1858)

ACTS PASSED BY BRITISHERS

  1. Regulating act of 1773
  2. Pitts India act of 1784
  3. Charter Act of 1813
  4. Charter Act of 1858

THE COMPANY RULE

  1. Government of India Act of 1858
  2. Indian Councils Act of 1861
  3. Indian Councils Act 1892
  4. Indian Councils Act of 1909

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACTS

  1. Government of India Act 1919
  2. Government of India Act 1935
  3. indian Independence Act 1947
  4. Working of British Government
  5. Legislature of British India
  6. Executive of British India
  7. Judiciary of British Government
  8. Administration of British India

Enactment and Enforcement of Indian Constituent Assembly

  1. Indian Constituent Assembly
  2. Makin of the constitution
  3. Demand for Constituent Assembly
  4. August Offer
  5. Crips Mission
  6. Wavel Plan
  7. Cabinet Mission
  8. Composition of Assembly
  9. Enactment

Committees of Indian Constituent Assembly

  1. Major Committee
  2. Minor Committee
  3. Drafting Committee
  4. Criticism of Constituent Assembly
  5. Criticism by scholars

Sources of Indian Constitution

  1. Sources
  2. Country wise sources of Indian Constitution

  3. Comparison between Indian constitution with British and USA constitution

Objective Resolution

  1. Objective Resolution

Indian Independance Act

  1. Indian Independance Act
  1. Preamble
  2. Importance and utility
  3. Text of the Preamble
  4. Ingredients of the Preamble
  5. Preamble as part of the constitution
  6. Amendability of the Preamble
  7. Nature of
    Indian State
  8. Sovereign
  9. Socialist
  10. Secular
  11. Democratic
  12. Republic
  13. Objectives of the constitution
  14. Justice
  15. Liberty
  16. Equality
  17. Fraternity

INTRODUCTION

  1. Union and its territory
  2. Components of Indian territory
  3. Formation of New States
  4. Parliament power to reorganize states

Articles

Article 1,2,3,4,239,239A,239AA,240

CITIZENSHIP

  1. Citizenship
  2. Constitutional rights and privileges of the citizens of India
  3. Concept of single citizenship and dual citizenship
  4. Privileges
  5. Methodology of getting citizenship
  6. Dual Citizenship

LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP

  1. Loss of Citizenship By incorporation of territory
  2. Loss of Citizenship
  3. By Renunciation
  4. By termination
  5. By deprivation 

Miscellaneous

  1. NRI,
  2. PIO
  3. OCI
  4. Articles related to citizenship
  5. NRC
  6. NPR
  7. CAA

BASICS

  1. Features of Fundamental Rights
  2. Constitutional status
  3. FR available to both citizens and Foreigners
  4. FR available to citizens not foreigners
  5. Amendability of fundamental rights

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

  1. Right to equality
  2. Right to freedom
  3. Right against exploitation
  4. Right to freedom of Religion
  5. Cultural and educational rights
  6. Rights to constitutional remedies

Writs - Types and Scope

  1. Writ jurisdiction of supreme court and high court
  2. Habeas Corpus
  3. Mandamus
  4. Prohibition
  5. Ceritorari
  6. Quo Warrranto

Impact on fundamental rights’

  1. Armed forces and FR
  2. Martial Law and FR
  3. National Emergency and FR
  4. President rule and FR
  5. Financial Emergency

FR Miscellaneous

  1. Exceptions to fundamental rights
  2. Criticism of fundamental rights
  3. Significance
  4. Articles related to FRs.

DPSP

  1. DPSP
    Constitutional Status
  2. Features

Classification-

  1. Socialistic
  2. Gandhian
  3. Liberal intellectual principles
  4. Utility of Directive Principles
  5. Comparison between DPSP and FRs
  6. Implementation of DPSP
  7. Articles related to DPSP

Fundamental Duties

  1. Constitutional status
  2. Features
  3. List of FDs
  4. Significance
  5. Criticism
  6. Committees related to FDs
  7. Link of fundamental rights and fundamental
    duties

Amendment of the constitution

  1. Amendment of the constitution
  2. Procedure for amendments
  3. Types of amendments- simple majority special majority and special majority with
    consent of states
  4. Criticism of amendment procedure

Basic structure of the constitution

  1. Basic structure of the constitution
  2. Emergence of the concept of basic structure
  3. Elements of the basic structure
  4. Role of judiciary

TYPES

  1. Democratic and Non-Democratic
  2. TYPES
  3. Parliamentary and Presidential
  4. Direct and Representative
  5. Republic and Monarchy
  6. Unitary and Federal
  7. Indian Parliamentary system

Features

  1. Features
  2. Merits and Demerits
  3. Comparing with Presidential system
  4. Comparing with British Parliamentary
    Model

Why India Adopted Parliamentary system

  1. Why India Adopted Parliamentary system
  2. Federal System
  3. Federal features of the constitution
  4. Unitary features of the constitution
  5. Merits and demerits of the unitary and
    federal Government

Inter-state relation

  1. Importance/Aims
  2. Inter State Water Disputes
  3. Inter State Council-Composition, functions
  4. Interstate trade and commerce
  5. Zonal Councils- Composition, function
  6. Articles related to Inter-state relations

Centre-State Relations

CENTER STATE RELATIONS

  1. Legislative relations
  2. Administrative relations
  3. Financial relation
  4. Effects of emergencies

Committees/Commission related to Centre state relations

  1. Rajamannar Committee
  2. West Bengal Memorandum
  3. Sarkaria commission
  4. Punchhi commission

TYEPS

  1. National
  2. financial
  3. president rule
  4. Ground of declaration
  5. Approval, renewal and revocation
  6. Changes brought by 42nd and 44th amendment
  7. Articles related

Impact of emergency

  1. Centre State Relations- legislative, executive
    and financial powers
  2. Fundamental Rights (Article 358 and 359)
  3. Parliament and state assembly

Miscellaneous

  1. Judicial review and emergency
  2. Cases of proper and improper use
  3. Criticism of the emergency provisions

President

  1. Constitutional status
  2. Qualification, oath
  3. Election procedure
  4. Vacancy in the President’s office
  5. Impeachment of President

Powers and functions of the president

  1. Executive powers
  2. Legislative powers
  3. Financial powers
  4. Judicial powers
  5. Diplomatic Powers
  6. military powers
  7. Emergency powers
  8. Veto power
  9. Ordinance making power
  10. Pardoning power

Miscellaneous

  1. Advantage and disadvantages of single
    transferable form of voting
  2. President as nominal head
  3. Misuse of emergency provisions

Vice President

  1. Articles related Vice President
  2. Importance Election procedure
  3. Qualification and terms of office
  4. Vacancy in office
  5. Powers and functions
  6. President vs Vice President- A quick
    comparison
  7. Articles related

Prime Minister

  1. Prime Minister
  2. Constitutional status
    Appointment
  3. Oath, term and salary
  4. Powers and functions
  5. Relationship with president

Central Council of Ministers

  1. Constitutional provisions
  2. Appointment and removal
  3. Oath and salary
  4. Collective and individual responsibility
  5. Composition of CoM
  6. CoM vs Cabinet
  7. Role of cabinet
  8. 91st amendment and its importance

Rajya Sabha

  1. Composition
  2. Elections
    Reservation of seats
  3. Duration
  4. Impact of emergency on life of both houses
  5. Members of Parliament
  6. Qualification
  7. Disqualification
  8. Anti-Defection law
  9. Vacating of seats
  10. Oath or Affirmation, salary and allowances

Lok Sabha

  1. Speaker Constitutional status
  2. Election and tenure
  3. Role, powers and functions
  4. Independence
  5. Deputy Speaker
  6. Speaker Pro Term

Chairman of Rajya Sabha

  1. Constitutional status
  2. Power and functions
  3. Deputy chairman
  4. Chairman of Rajya Sabha vs Speaker of Lok
    Sabha : quick comparison
  1. Leader of the house
  2. Leader of the opposition
  3. Whip
  4. Secretariat of parliament
  1. Sessions of parliament
  2. Adjournment and
    prorogation
  3. Dissolution
  4. Quorum
  5. Question hour 
  6. zero hour
  7. Motions- define,
    types
  8. Censure vs no confidence motion
  9. Resolution
    youth parliament
  10. Other devices of parliament proceedings
  11. Joint sitting
  1. Bills- enactment/procedure, stages in passing
    bills etc.
  2. Ordinary bill Money bill Financial bill
  3. Public vs private bill Budget
  4. Constitutional provision
  5. Stages in enactment Charged expenditure Grants
  6. Funds- consolidated fund contingency fund and public account of India
  1. Legislative power
  2. Executive power
  3. Financial power
  4. Constituent power
  5. Judicial power
  6. Position of Rajya Sabha Equal to Lok Sabha
  7. Unequal to Lok Sabha
  8. Special Powers of Rajya Sabha
  9. Miscellaneous
    Ineffectiveness of parliamentary system
  10. Articles related Sovereignty of parliament
  1. List of cabinet committees
  2. Functions
  3. Parliamentary committees
  4. Meaning and importance
  5. Standing vs adhoc committees
  6. Mainly focus on financial committees like
    public account, estimate and public
    undertaking committee- their composition
    and functions
    Other committees 
  7. Committees under Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha
  8. Committees headed by speaker of Lok
    Sabha
  9. Miscellaneous
  10. Parliamentary forums Meaning and objective
    composition
    functions
  11. Parliament privileges
    Meaning
  12. Collective and individual privileges
  13. Breach of privilege and contempt of the house
  14. Sources of privileges
  1. Constitutional status
  2. Appointment, term of office, removal
  3. Qualification
  1. executive power
  2. legislative power
  3. financial power
  4. judicial power
  5. Discretionary powers
  6. Articles related
  7. Comparison between Governor and President
  8. Ordinance making power
  9. Veto power
  10. Pardoning power
  1. Appointment
  2. Oath, term and salary
  3. Powers and functions
  4. Chief minister vs prime minister
  1. Articles related to State council of ministers
  2. Constitutional provisions
  3. Appointment
  4. Oath and salary
  5. Responsibility of ministers
  6. Composition
  7. articles related
  1. Composition of state legislative assembly
    and legislative council
  2. Qualification of the members of legislature
  3. Powers and functions
  4. Relationship between both the houses
  5. Officers of state legislature
  6. Powers and privilege of state
  7. Legislative procedure
  8. Governor assent to bill
  9. State legislature comparison with
    parliament
  10. States with bicameral legislatures
  11. Position of state legislative council w.r.t legislative assembly and Rajya Sabha.
  1.  
organization
  1. Organization
  2. Judges- appointment
  3. qualification, oath,
    tenure, salary 
  4. allowances, 
  5. Acting Chief Justice, additional judges,
  6. Independence of High Court
  1. original jurisdiction
  2. Writ jurisdiction
  3. Appellate jurisdiction
  4. Supervisory jurisdiction
  1. Control over subordinate courts
  2. Power of Judicial review
  3. Subordinate courts
  4. Constitutional provision
  5. Structure and Jurisdiction
  1. About
  2. Why panchayati raj?
  3. Evolution- recommendation of committees
  4. 73rd amendment Act, 1992- compulsory and
    voluntary provision
  5. PESA Act of 1996
  6. 11th schedule Panchayat
  1. Constitution, composition, reservation of
    seats in panchayats
  2. Members- disqualification
  3. Powers, authority and responsibility of panchayats
  1. State election commission
  2. finances to panchayat
  3. Articles related
  4. Gram Nayalaya
  1. Evolution- recommendation of committees
  2. 74th amendment act of 1992
  3. XIIth schedule
  4. Finances
  5. Planning- district planning committee and
    metropolitan planning committee
  6. Types of municipalities- structure, powers
    and functions, duration, disqualification etc.
  1. Nagar panchayat
  2. Municipal council
  3. Municipal corporation 
  1. Municipal Corporation
  2. Municipality
  3. Notified area committee
  4. Town area committee
  1. Cantonment Board
  2. Township
  3. Port trust
  4. Special purpose agency Miscellaneous
  5. Municipal personnel
  6. Central council of local government
  7. Problems faced by urban local government
  1. Constitutional status
  2. Composition
  3. Removal
  4. Independence
  1. UPSC
  2. SPSC
  3. JPSC
  4. Reports of PSC
  1. composition,
    powers and functions, reports, removal
  2. SC
  3. ST
  4.  Backward classes
  5. Women
  6.  Minorities
  7. Special officer for linguistic minorities
  8. Constitutional provision
  9. Commissioner-Role, powers and functions
    Removal
  1. Constitutional provision
  2. Appointment and term
  3. Qualifications
  4. Duties and powers
  5. Audit reports
  1. Constitutional provisions
  2. Functions
  3. Recommendations
  4. Appointment and removal
  5. List of finance commission- focus on report of latest finance commission
  1. Constitutional status
  2. Qualification
  3. Appointment and term
  4. Duties and functions
  5. Power with respect to parliament and state assembly
  1.  
  1. National law commission
  2. national green tribunal
  3. National consumer disputes
  4. Redressal commission
  5. Unique identification authority of India
  6. Food safety and standard authority of India
  7. Bureau of Indian standards
  8. Competition commission of India
  1. Need and Importance of Government
    policies
  2. Good governance
  3. Self help groups
  4. Micro finance
  5. NGO
  6. Transparency and accountability
  7. E-governance
  8. Citizen charter
  9. Pressure groups
  10. Role of civil services in a democracy
  11. Public policy- making, implementation,
    evaluation and monitoring
  12. Social audit
  13. Rights issues
  1. Political Parties
    Meaning and types
  2. Party system in India
  3. Recognition of National and State parties
    Elections
  4. Election machinery
  5. Election process
  6. Voting behavior
  1. Representation of people act 1951
  2. Delimitation act 2002
  3. Rules and order related to elections
  4. Electoral reforms Anti-Defection Law
  5. What is anti-defection law
  6. Importance
  7. Disqualification on ground of anti-defection
    law
  8. Xth schedule
  9. Advantages and criticism of this law
  10. 91st amendment act 2003
  11. Other Constitutional Dimensions
  1. Co-operative societies
  2. Official language
  3. Tribunals
  4. Rights and liabilities of the government
  5.  National commission to review the working
    of the constitution
  6. National integration
  7. Public services

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